1. Leptospira is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria that can cause leptospirosis, a bacterial infection that affects both humans and animals.

螺旋体（Leptospira）是一类螺旋形细菌的属名，可以引起钩端螺旋体感染症，这种细菌感染既可影响人类也可影响动物。

2. Leptospira bacteria are typically transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals.

螺旋体细菌通常通过接触受感染动物尿液污染的水或土壤传播。